Appeal (against a Schengen visa refusal)

Article 32(3): "Applicants who have been refused a visa shall have the right to appeal. Appeals shall be conducted against the Member State that has taken the final decision on the application and in accordance with the national law of that Member State." The Annex VI form must give the legal basis, the competent authority and the time limit. Procedures differ by state (an administrative objection to the mission, sometimes followed by a court); some missions call the first step a remonstration. There is no published Schengen-wide appeal success rate. See the appeal guide.