Representation arrangement
Article 8(1) of the Visa Code: "A Member State may agree to represent another Member State that is competent in accordance with Article 5 for the purpose of examining and deciding on applications on behalf of that Member State", or in a limited manner solely to collect applications and biometrics. In India, Liechtenstein has no consulate and is represented by Switzerland; other arrangements exist for particular cities. The refusal form (Annex VI) names the represented state, and appeals run against the state that took the final decision (Article 32(3)).
Printed from Schengen Odds (https://schengen-odds.pages.dev/glossary/representation-arrangement/). Sources are listed below; rules change, so check the linked official pages on the day you apply.